Here Where We Live Is Our Country. By Molly Crabapple. One World; 480 pages; $32. Bloomsbury Circus; £25
《我们所在的地方就是我们的国家》。作者：莫莉·克拉布特尔。One World出版社；480页；32美元。Bloomsbury Circus；25英镑
AT THE dawn(在……之初) of the second world war, the majority of the world’s Jews, 9.5m of them, lived in Europe—and had for centuries. Though there were brief periods of acceptance, for the most part Jews were barely tolerated(几乎不被容忍) and subject to(遭受，受制于) sporadic(零星的，断断续续的) violence and restrictive laws governing where they lived and worked. Throughout the 19th century nationalist aspirations(民族主义渴望) grew, and Jews debated where they belonged. Zionists(犹太复国主义者) had one answer: they had to create their own state. Bundists(崩得分子，犹太工人联盟成员) had another. It is their story Molly Crabapple, a Puerto Rican-Jewish writer and artist from New York, resurrects.(莫莉·克拉布特尔，一位来自纽约的波多黎各犹太裔作家兼艺术家，将他们的故事重新发掘出来。)
在第二次世界大战之初，全世界犹太人的大多数——950万人——居住在欧洲，并且已经居住了几个世纪。尽管有过短暂的接纳时期，但大部分时间里，犹太人仅仅被勉强容忍，遭到零星的暴力，并受到限制其居住和工作地的法律约束。整个19世纪，民族主义愿望不断增长，犹太人就他们归属何处展开辩论。犹太复国主义者有一个答案：他们必须建立自己的国家。崩得分子有另一个答案。莫莉·克拉布特尔，一位来自纽约的波多黎各犹太裔作家兼艺术家，将他们的故事重新发掘出来。
The General Jewish Labour Bund(① 崩得全称及背景：1897年在维尔纽斯...) in Lithuania, Poland and Russia was founded in Vilnius in 1897. Bundists were socialists who believed in workers’ revolutions(工人革命), but also recognised that Jews had particular needs and interests. They formed defence organisations to protect Jews from pogroms(（针对犹太人的）集体迫害) and promoted Yiddish culture(意第绪文化). By 1906 the Bund had attracted 40,000 supporters, making it one of the largest socialist parties in the Russian empire.(到1906年，崩得已吸引4万名支持者，使其成为俄罗斯帝国最大的社会主义政党之一。)
立陶宛、波兰和俄罗斯犹太工人总联盟于1897年在维尔纽斯成立。崩得分子是信奉工人革命的社会主义者，但也认识到犹太人有特殊的需求和利益。他们组建自卫组织保护犹太人免受集体迫害，并推广意第绪文化。到1906年，崩得已吸引4万名支持者，成为俄罗斯帝国最大的社会主义政党之一。