THE JOB OF nightlife czar(沙皇；独揽大权的人) sounds almost hedonistic(享乐主义的). Then Corean Reynolds explains what it entails(需要；牵涉). Officially Boston’s director of the nightlife economy, Ms Reynolds can sometimes be found standing outside a bar at 2am, watching how staff manage crowds spilling into the street(涌上街道). When residents complain about noise, she may be nearby with a decibel meter(分贝计), with a plan not to kill the buzz(破坏欢乐气氛) but measure it. “I’m like, hey, actually it didn’t seem that loud,” she says she tells them. Her task is, essentially, to help more people have fun without making nearby residents miserable.(她的任务本质上是帮助更多人享受乐趣，同时不让附近居民感到痛苦。) She is the first person to hold the job in Boston and one of a rising number of officials across the country tasked with livening up(使活跃；使有生气) life after dark.
夜生活沙皇（nightlife czar）这个职位听起来几乎是享乐主义的。但科里安·雷诺兹（Corean Reynolds）解释了它的具体工作内容。作为波士顿夜间经济的官方负责人，雷诺兹有时会在凌晨2点站在酒吧外，观察工作人员如何管理涌上街道的人群。当居民抱怨噪音时，她可能正带着分贝计在附近，计划不是扼杀狂欢而是测量它。“我当时就说，嘿，其实听起来没那么大声，”她说她这样告诉居民。她的任务本质上是帮助更多人享受乐趣，同时不让附近居民感到痛苦。她是波士顿第一个担任此职位的人，也是全国越来越多负责活跃夜间生活的官员之一。
For decades cities were interested mainly in enforcing strict rules, some dating to Prohibition(禁酒令时期), on pubs, music venues and dance halls. Now roughly a dozen(一打；十二个) American municipalities(市政当局；自治市), from Iowa City to Philadelphia, have an official responsible for(负责……) promoting the nightlife economy.
几十年来，城市主要关注执行针对酒吧、音乐场所和舞厅的严格规定——其中一些可追溯到禁酒令时期。如今，从爱荷华城到费城，大约有十二个美国市政当局设有专门负责促进夜间经济的官员。
This evolution in thinking can be seen in New York. A measure known as the Cabaret Law(纽约市《歌舞法》), which required venues to obtain special licences before allowing more than three people to dance, was introduced in 1926. In the 1990s Rudy Giuliani, then the city’s mayor, revived the law as part of his administration’s “Broken Windows(破窗理论)” strategy, an approach to policing that sought to deter(威慑；阻止) serious crime by cracking down on(严厉打击) minor offences(轻微罪行).
这种思维转变在纽约可见一斑。一项被称为《歌舞法》的措施于1926年出台，要求场所允许超过三人跳舞前必须先获得特别许可。1990年代，时任市长鲁迪·朱利安尼重启了该法律，作为其政府“破窗”战略的一部分——这是一种通过打击轻微犯罪来震慑严重犯罪的警务方法。
Bar gains
酒吧收益