“LOOK WHAT we’ve done here,” remarked(评论说；说起) Lindsey Graham on learning in February that Donald Trump had launched(发动；发起) America’s war against Iran. “I almost cried.” The Republican senator, who died last month, might have teared up(热泪盈眶；眼含泪水) again at the latest display(展示；表现) of American muscle. On August 7th the Senate passed the Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act by 86 votes to 11. The bill is yet to clear the House, but has the backing(支持；后盾) of Mr Trump.
“看看我们在这里做了什么，”林赛·格雷厄姆在二月份得知唐纳德·特朗普发动了美国对伊朗的战争时评论道。“我几乎要哭了。”这位上个月去世的共和党参议员，在最近一次美国实力的展示中可能再次热泪盈眶。8月7日，参议院以86票对11票通过了《林赛·O·格雷厄姆制裁俄罗斯和伊朗法案》。该法案尚未在众议院通过，但已得到特朗普先生的支持。
Focusing on(聚焦于；以……为重点) Russia, the legislation(立法；法规) involves both a sanctions scalpel(手术刀) and a tariff sledgehammer(大锤；猛烈的打击). It imposes sanctions on Russian officials, oligarchs, banks, the defence industry and energy projects—even in areas, such as Arctic energy development, that had been floated as candidates for co-operation between America and Russia in talks last year.(它对俄罗斯官员、寡头、银行、国防工业和能源项目实施制裁——甚至包括北极能源开发等领域，这些领域在去年的会谈中曾被提出作为美俄合作的候选项目。) These penalties(惩罚；处罚) cannot be lifted until(在……之前不能解除) Russia signs a peace deal accepted by Ukraine.
该立法聚焦俄罗斯，既包含制裁的手术刀，也包含关税的大锤。它对俄罗斯官员、寡头、银行、国防工业和能源项目实施制裁——甚至包括北极能源开发等领域，这些领域在去年的会谈中曾被提出作为美俄合作的候选项目。除非俄罗斯签署乌克兰接受的和平协议，否则这些惩罚措施不能解除。
More unusually(更不寻常的是), the bill imposes tariffs(关税) of up to 100% on all goods from the top five importers of Russian oil and the top five importers of Russian gas, as well as those helping Russia to evade(规避；逃避) sanctions. That would ensnare(使陷入；诱捕) more than a dozen countries, including many of America’s friends. But there are two big caveats(警告；注意事项). Countries whose purchases represent less than 15% of Russia’s gas exports—and who are taking steps to reduce those purchases—are exempt.(购买量占俄罗斯天然气出口量不到15%且正在采取措施减少购买量的国家可以豁免。) That should spare(使免遭；饶恕) allies such as France and Belgium. The bill also includes a “national-interest” waiver(豁免权；弃权声明) that gives the president plenty of latitude(自由；自由度).
更不寻常的是，该法案对俄罗斯石油前五大进口国和俄罗斯天然气前五大进口国的所有商品征收高达100%的关税，也对帮助俄罗斯规避制裁的国家征收。这将使十几个国家陷入困境，其中包括许多美国的朋友。但有两个重要的注意事项。购买量占俄罗斯天然气出口量不到15%且正在采取措施减少购买量的国家可以豁免。这应该会使法国和比利时等盟友幸免。该法案还包括一项“国家利益”豁免条款，赋予总统很大的自由裁量权。
Beware collateral damage
当心附带损害