MOST PEOPLE believe humans are different. The reason is that Homo sapiens has evolved to be conscious(有意识的，清醒的). Many animals feel pain and pleasure; some appear to be self-aware(自我意识的). But the human mind’s unique potential to exhibit a sense of self marks out(使突出，使与众不同) every member of the species for special treatment.
大多数人相信人类是特殊的。原因在于智人进化出了意识。许多动物能感受痛苦与快乐；有些似乎具有自我意识。但人类心智展现自我意识的独特潜能，使每个成员都值得被特殊对待。
In his encyclical(教皇通谕) in May, Pope Leo upheld(支持，维护) this insight by drawing a line(划清界限) between humanity and its growing army of bots. Artificial-intelligence systems, he said, do not undergo experiences or feel joy or pain. He is not alone. Many people feel that to confer personhood on AIs would be an abomination(令人憎恶的事物).
在五月的通谕中，教皇利奥通过划清人类与日益壮大的机器人军队之间的界限，支持了这一观点。他说，人工智能系统不会经历体验，也不会感受快乐或痛苦。他并非孤例。许多人认为，赋予人工智能人格将是一种亵渎。
Pontifical(教皇的) clarity is blurring with alarming speed. AIs are in their infancy(处于起步阶段). Yet nearly one in five American 18- to 29-year-olds reports having had “ongoing personal friendship” with a chatbot. China recently stripped(去除，剥夺) bots of human-like traits to limit users’ “emotional dependence(情感依赖)” on them.
教皇的清晰立场正以惊人的速度变得模糊。人工智能尚处于起步阶段。然而，近五分之一的美国18至29岁年轻人报告称与聊天机器人有过“持续的个人友谊”。中国最近去除了机器人的类人特征，以限制用户对其的“情感依赖”。
Ghost in the machine
机器中的幽灵