PROLONGED SITTING rightly has a bad rap(坏名声，负面评价). A review in 2012 concluded that the most sedentary(久坐的，缺乏运动的) were more than twice as likely(可能性超过两倍) as the least to have or develop diabetes, and also faced a much higher risk of premature(过早的，提前的) death. Another, in 2015, found that sitting for long stretches was associated with “deleterious(有害的，有毒的) health outcomes regardless of(不管，不顾) physical activity”. Three years after that an analysis of news articles in the British Journal of Sports Medicine found hundreds of pieces which referred to claims likening sitting to smoking.(三年后，一项对《英国运动医学杂志》新闻文章的分析发现，有数百篇文章提到了将久坐比作吸烟的说法。)
长时间坐着确实名声不佳。2012年的一项综述得出结论，最久坐的人患糖尿病的可能性是最不常坐的人的两倍多，而且过早死亡的风险也高得多。2015年的另一项研究发现，长时间坐着与“无论体力活动如何都会产生有害健康的结果”有关。三年后，一篇对《英国运动医学杂志》新闻文章的分析发现，有数百篇文章提到了将久坐比作吸烟的说法。
That last claim is overblown(夸大的，言过其实的). In 2018 the American Journal of Public Health reckoned(估计，认为) sitting’s true risk to be a tenth of(十分之一) that of smoking. But this is still bad. Hence the appeal of standing desks and, more recently, “active seats”: chairs and stools that tilt, wobble or rock to force continual postural adjustments.(因此，站立式办公桌以及最近的“主动座椅”很有吸引力：这些椅子和凳子可以倾斜、摇晃或摇摆，迫使人们不断调整姿势。) Is either actually healthier?
最后那种说法夸大了。2018年，《美国公共卫生杂志》估计，久坐的真实风险是吸烟的十分之一。但这仍然很糟糕。因此，站立式办公桌以及最近的“主动座椅”很有吸引力：这些椅子和凳子可以倾斜、摇晃或摇摆，迫使人们不断调整姿势。这两种方式真的更健康吗？
An analysis in 2018 found standing at a desk burned just nine more calories per hour than sitting. Nor are the cardiovascular(心血管的) gains impressive. A review in 2020 pooled(汇总，合并) nine trials involving 877 people. Participants stood about 1.3 hours more a day and were followed for roughly four months. Body fat and blood-sugar control improved slightly, but blood pressure, insulin, cholesterol and triglycerides(甘油三酯) did not. The study did not, however, look at blood flow and the activation of postural muscles, both factors which might contribute to the benefits of standing over sitting.(然而，该研究没有考察血流量和姿势肌的激活，这两个因素可能有助于站立相对于坐着的益处。)
2018年的一项分析发现，站着办公每小时比坐着只多消耗9卡路里。心血管方面的益处也不显著。2020年的一项综述汇总了涉及877人的9项试验。参与者每天多站约1.3小时，并被跟踪了大约四个月。体脂和血糖控制略有改善，但血压、胰岛素、胆固醇和甘油三酯没有改善。然而，该研究没有考察血流量和姿势肌的激活，这两个因素可能有助于站立相对于坐着的益处。