Sohail Ahmed, a former Islamist, was six years old when his parents radicalised(使激进化) him. He remembers music being banned from the house, and his teddy bear having its head cut off (many radicals prohibit representations of sentient(有知觉的) creatures). The catalyst(催化剂；导火索) was the Bosnian genocide(波斯尼亚大屠杀) of 1992-95. “This is how much white people hate Muslims,” Mr Ahmed recalls being told. It was the first wave of radicalisation among British Muslims, he says. The second came with 9/11, Afghanistan and Iraq. Gaza, he fears, is the third—allowing extremists “to drive a wedge between(在……之间打入楔子；离间) Muslims and non-Muslims”.
索海尔·艾哈迈德曾是一名伊斯兰主义者，六岁时被父母引向激进。他记得家里禁止音乐，他的泰迪熊被砍掉了头（许多激进分子禁止描绘有知觉的生物）。导火索是1992至1995年的波斯尼亚大屠杀。“白人就是这么恨穆斯林，”艾哈迈德回忆当时被告知的话。他说，这是英国穆斯林激进化的第一波浪潮。第二波随9·11、阿富汗和伊拉克而来。他担心，加沙是第三波——让极端分子“在穆斯林与非穆斯林之间打入楔子”。
That wedge may be growing. “Their doctrine(教义；主义) is simply not compatible with our culture,” wrote Charlie Downes in a recent social-media tirade(长篇激烈演说；抨击). The campaigns director of Restore Britain, a far-right(极右翼的) party, was referring to Muslims. Last year a YouGov poll(YouGov民调) found that 41% of Britons think Muslim immigrants have a negative impact on the country, more than double the figure for any other religious migrant group; 53% agreed that Islam is incompatible(不相容的) with British values.
这道裂痕可能正在加深。“他们的教义与我们的文化根本不相容，”查理·唐斯最近在社交媒体上的一通激烈言辞中写道。这位极右翼政党“恢复英国”的竞选主管指的是穆斯林。去年YouGov的一项民调发现，41%的英国人认为穆斯林移民对国家有负面影响，这一比例是任何其他宗教移民群体的两倍多；53%的人同意伊斯兰教与英国价值观不相容。
Some of that anxiety comes from the speed of change. Over the past 25 years Britain’s Muslim population has more than doubled, to 7% of the total. Around 38% are of Pakistani heritage(血统；遗产). Bangladeshis make up(构成；占) 15% and the rest are a mix from South Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Half were born in Britain, but over the past five years roughly as many Muslims have immigrate(移民（入境）)d to Britain as in any previous decade.
这种焦虑部分源于变化的速度。过去25年里，英国穆斯林人口增长了一倍多，占总人口的7%。其中约38%为巴基斯坦裔。孟加拉裔占15%，其余来自南亚、非洲和中东。一半在英国出生，但过去五年移民英国的穆斯林人数与之前任何一个十年大致相当。
Network effects
网络效应
Nuts and bolts
具体运作
