In the Realm of the Last Man. By Francis Fukuyama. Farrar, Straus and Giroux(美国著名文学出版社); 304 pages; $29. Profile; £20
《最后的人之境》。弗朗西斯·福山著。法拉尔、斯特劳斯与吉鲁出版社；304页；29美元。Profile出版社；20英镑。
WHEN FRANCIS Fukuyama, then a 40-year-old political scientist, published “The End of History and the Last Man” in 1992, the book was met with acclaim(赞誉，喝彩). With the collapse of the Soviet Union and end of the cold war, the world had reached “the end point of mankind’s ideological evolution” with “the universalisation of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government”, he argued.(他主张，随着苏联解体和冷战结束，世界已经抵达“人类意识形态演进的终点”，西方自由民主制“作为人类政府的最终形式”已实现“普遍化”。) There would be no more big causes for which to struggle(值得为之奋斗的宏大事业).
1992年，当时40岁的政治学家弗朗西斯·福山出版了《历史的终结与最后的人》，这本书广受赞誉。他主张，随着苏联解体和冷战结束，世界已经抵达“人类意识形态演进的终点”，西方自由民主制“作为人类政府的最终形式”已实现“普遍化”。不再有值得为之奋斗的宏大事业了。
After Donald Trump spearheaded(带头，率先发起) a global wave of populist, illiberal(反自由主义的，不宽容的) nationalism a quarter-century later, Mr Fukuyama’s book became an emblem(象征，标志) of liberal hubris(傲慢，狂妄自大). How could anyone have been so foolish as to suggest ideological battles were over? In his delightfully eclectic new memoir, Mr Fukuyama, now 73—and clearly irked that few critics had read beyond the title or blurb of his famous tome—tries to set the record straight.(如今73岁的福山在新回忆录中——他显然恼火于很少有批评者读过他那本名著的标题或简介之外的内容——试图澄清事实。)
四分之一世纪后，唐纳德·特朗普掀起了一股全球性的民粹主义、反自由主义的民族主义浪潮，福山的书于是成了自由主义傲慢的象征。怎么会有人蠢到认为意识形态之争已经结束？如今73岁的福山在新回忆录中——他显然恼火于很少有批评者读过他那本名著的标题或简介之外的内容——试图澄清事实。