Nestled beneath Lisbon’s former Moorish quarter, the Rua do Benformoso is a winding street of decaying(破败的，衰败的) buildings faced with azulejos (decorative tiles). It is lined with Indian food shops and stores selling hookah pipes(水烟筒) and mobile phones. Piedade, a Portuguese woman who has lived here for over 60 years, dislikes what has happened to it.(葡萄牙妇女皮耶达德在这里住了六十多年，她看不惯这条街如今的模样。) “There’s drugs and crime,” she says. “I stay inside at home.”
本福尔莫索街蜷伏在里斯本昔日的摩尔人聚居区下方，是一条蜿蜒的街道，两旁是贴着阿兹勒赫瓷砖（装饰性花砖）的破败建筑。街上开着印度食品店，还有卖水烟筒和手机的铺子。葡萄牙妇女皮耶达德在这里住了六十多年，她看不惯这条街如今的模样。“有毒品，有犯罪，”她说，“我就待在家里不出门。”
The Rua do Benformoso has become the symbol of a massive wave of immigration. The Portuguese are accustomed to migrants from their former colonies in Brazil and Africa, who speak the language and integrate fairly easily.(葡萄牙人一向习惯来自巴西和非洲前殖民地的移民，这些人会说葡萄牙语，融入相对容易。) But between 2017 and 2024 more than 1.1m immigrants took the foreign-born population from 4% to 14% of the total. The new arrivals included 250,000 South Asians, mainly young single men. Many of them speak almost no Portuguese. Immigration became a top public concern. Chega (“Enough”), a new populist(民粹主义的) right-wing party, won 23% of the vote in a parliamentary election in 2025.
本福尔莫索街已成为大规模移民潮的象征。葡萄牙人一向习惯来自巴西和非洲前殖民地的移民，这些人会说葡萄牙语，融入相对容易。但在2017年至2024年间，超过110万移民涌入，使外国出生人口占总人口的比例从4%升至14%。新来者中有25万南亚人，主要是年轻的单身男性，其中许多人几乎不会说葡萄牙语。移民问题成为公众最关注的议题之一。新兴的民粹主义右翼政党“够了”党（Chega）在2025年议会选举中赢得23%的选票。
“We were not in control,” says António Vitorino, a Portuguese former European commissioner. It became crucial, he says, to “rebuild the credibility of the migration-regulation system”. The centre-right government of Luis Montenegro, which came to office in 2024, set out to do(着手做，开始做) this. It required immigrants to get appropriate visas, re-established(重建，重新设立) a border force, stretched(延长，拉长) the time to obtain citizenship to between seven and ten years, and restricted family reunions. It also introduced fast-track visas for key workers. “We’re not a closed-door, ‘remigration’ government,” says António Leitão Amaro, the minister responsible for the reforms. Net migration has fallen from 270,000 a year to 60,000.
“我们当时失去了控制，”葡萄牙前欧盟委员安东尼奥·维托里诺说。他表示，当务之急是“重建移民管理制度的公信力”。2024年上台的中右翼政府总理路易斯·蒙特内格罗着手推进此事：要求移民取得相应签证，重建边境执法力量，把入籍所需时间延长至七到十年，并限制家庭团聚。政府还为关键岗位工人推出了快速签证通道。“我们不是关门大吉、搞‘再移民’的政府，”负责改革的部长安东尼奥·莱唐·阿马罗说。净移民已从每年27万人降至6万人。