In 1868, the government of Hong Kong gave eight axis deer to Hawaii’s King Kamehameha V. They were a beautiful gift, these creatures that hail from(来自，出生于) south Asia, with their honey-colored pelt(皮毛，毛皮)s marked by a smattering(少量，零星) of white spots. But their incursion(入侵，侵犯) into Maui started much later, in the 1950s, when they were brought to the island for recreational(娱乐的，消遣的) hunters.
1868年，香港政府向夏威夷国王卡美哈梅哈五世赠送了八只轴鹿。这些来自南亚的生灵是美丽的礼物，它们蜜色的皮毛上点缀着星星点点的白色斑点。但它们入侵毛伊岛的时间要晚得多，始于20世纪50年代，当时它们被带到该岛供休闲猎人捕猎。
Now, more than a century after their introduction, an estimated 60,000 traverse(穿越，横过) the Hawaiian islands of Lanai, Maui and Molokai in herd(兽群，牧群)s that are reshaping the environment. Unlike the white-tailed deer common along the US east coast, whose breeding season lasts from October to January, axis deer breed year-round.(与美国东海岸常见的白尾鹿不同，轴鹿全年繁殖。) Their herds are constantly reduplicating. They feast on(尽情享用，饱餐) native grasses and endangered plants, chewing them down to their roots, leaving wide swathe(一长条，一长片)s of lands fallow(休耕的，荒芜的). They can leap 10ft over fencing or barrel through(猛冲，横冲直撞) it, consuming farmers’ crops and the cattle feed needed for Maui’s small beef industry.
如今，在它们被引入一个多世纪后，估计有6万只轴鹿在夏威夷的拉奈岛、毛伊岛和莫洛凯岛上成群游荡，这些鹿群正在重塑环境。与美国东海岸常见的白尾鹿不同（其繁殖季节为10月至次年1月），轴鹿全年繁殖。它们的鹿群不断繁衍。它们以原生草和濒危植物为食，将其啃食至根部，使大片土地荒芜。它们能跳过10英尺高的围栏或径直撞穿，消耗农民的庄稼和毛伊岛小型牛肉产业所需的牛饲料。
In February, looking for a specific blood sausage that reminded an aunt of the wild boar sausage her Portuguese mother once made, I found it was unavailable.(今年二月，我在寻找一种特定的血肠——它让我的一位阿姨想起她葡萄牙母亲曾经做过的野猪香肠——却发现它已经买不到了。) Joy Enriques, owner of Uncle Louie’s Sausage Co, in Kahului, said: “We stopped making it. We couldn’t get the amount of green onions(青葱，小葱) we needed for it. The deer ate all that the local farmers were growing.”
今年二月，我在寻找一种特定的血肠——它让我的一位阿姨想起她葡萄牙母亲曾经做过的野猪香肠——却发现它已经买不到了。卡胡卢伊的Uncle Louie's香肠公司老板乔伊·恩里克斯说：“我们停止生产了。我们无法获得所需的青葱数量。鹿把当地农民种植的所有青葱都吃光了。”
Every night, a quasi-military operation
每晚，一场准军事行动