Zack Polanski, the leader of the Green party, has said he is an anti-Zionist(反犹太复国主义者). As his party conference prepares to debate a motion that “Zionism is racism”, what precisely is Zionism and what is the history of the claim that it is racist?(随着他所在的政党大会准备就“犹太复国主义即种族主义”这一动议展开辩论，犹太复国主义究竟是什么？称其为种族主义的说法又有怎样的历史？)
绿党领袖扎克·波兰斯基曾表示，他是一名反犹太复国主义者。随着他所在的政党大会准备就“犹太复国主义即种族主义”这一动议展开辩论，犹太复国主义究竟是什么？称其为种族主义的说法又有怎样的历史？
What is Zionism?
什么是犹太复国主义？
Modern Zionism developed in the late 1800s out of several strands of thinking on the future of Jewish collective and cultural identity, emerging from a millennia-old religious yearning to return to Zion, which runs through Jewish holy texts.(现代犹太复国主义于19世纪末形成，源于多种关于犹太集体与文化身份未来的思想脉络，其根基是贯穿犹太教圣典、延续千年的重返锡安的宗教渴望。) The term came, however, to be most associated with Theodor Herzl(西奥多·赫茨尔，现代政治犹太复国主义创始人)’s brand of political Zionism, the movement for Jewish self-determination(自决；民族自决) and statehood in the context of rising European antisemitism(反犹主义).
现代犹太复国主义于19世纪末形成，源于多种关于犹太集体与文化身份未来的思想脉络，其根基是贯穿犹太教圣典、延续千年的重返锡安的宗教渴望。然而，这一术语后来最常与西奥多·赫茨尔所倡导的政治犹太复国主义联系在一起，即在欧洲反犹主义日益高涨的背景下，争取犹太民族自决与建国的运动。
Although Zionism tends to be seen by critics as a monolithic political idea, its history has encompassed multiple, often contradictory, intellectual strands including the notion – proposed by the philosopher Martin Buber before the foundation of Israel – of a binational Arab-Jewish state in Palestine.(尽管批评者往往将犹太复国主义视为一种铁板一块的政治理念，但其历史其实包含多种常常相互矛盾的思想脉络，其中包括哲学家马丁·布伯在以色列建国前提出的在巴勒斯坦建立阿拉伯-犹太双民族国家的构想。)
尽管批评者往往将犹太复国主义视为一种铁板一块的政治理念，但其历史其实包含多种常常相互矛盾的思想脉络，其中包括哲学家马丁·布伯在以色列建国前提出的在巴勒斯坦建立阿拉伯-犹太双民族国家的构想。
What is the criticism of Zionism?
对犹太复国主义的批评是什么？
What is the history of the claim that ‘Zionism is racism’?
“犹太复国主义即种族主义”这一说法的历史是怎样的？
What does British law say about the argument that Zionism is racist?
英国法律如何看待“犹太复国主义是种族主义”这一论点？